INSTALLATION SYSTEMS

TECHNICAL SECTION

INSTALLATION SYSTEMS

TECHNICAL SECTION

INSTALLATION SYSTEMS

The choice of the appropriate installation system for the construction of a natural stone paving or covering must take into consideration various aspects, such as: foundation dimensions, lithotype used, lithotype thickness and relative tolerances, type of use, execution times, quality level and labour experience level.

The evaluation of these aspects, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the construction site, is a guideline to the choice of the most suitable installation system and methods.

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TRADITIONAL METHODS

These are installation methods in use for several decades that are based on the juxtaposition of stone elements through a binding layer consisting of mortar or adhesive, possibly also with the use of anchors or clamps. These methods are characterized by the simultaneous installation in a single process of both natural stone and its bedding layer, without the preliminary construction of a screed.

The traditional installation systems include five fundamental methods grouped into two categories: WET INSTALLATION with methods that involve the use of cement-line mortar / mortar with cement spraying / semi-dry mortar with cement grout / filling and anchoring clamps; as well as the ADHESIVE APPLICATION with a method that requires the use of adhesives.

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ALTERNATIVE METHODS

An alternative method for installing stone materials is the construction of RAISED FLOORS, useful to facilitate installation and changes to technological and system networks, especially for buildings used for offices, banks, business centres.

Another special method is the one that includes the creation of VENTILATED WALLS with the use of large stone slabs, allowing a better response of the entire building envelope from the point of view of energy, water tightness, elimination of condensation.

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COVERING AND BRICKWORK

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LOADBEARING AND FOUNDATION

It is important to have an adequate knowledge of the support specifically the horizontal or vertical structure which will be finished with an exposed natural stone covering. The support can be constituted only by the load-bearing part but much more commonly it also include other layers having different functions such as: draining layer, regularization layer, levelling layer, slope layer, separation layer, stiffening layer, system integration layer, waterproofing layer, thermal insulation layer, insulation layer, as well as specifically for stone pavings, the foundation, bedding, finishing layer with stone covering.

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JOINTS

In conjunction with the connections to the structural parts, with the operating conditions and with the environmental conditions, the pavings and coverings are subjected to tensions of various kind that can cause cracks and breaks in the stone elements or make them come out from their seat, with serious damage both from a functional and aesthetic point of view. In order to absorb these tensions it is necessary to prepare specific joints that allow a controlled movement between the different parts of the building.

The main types of joints are: structural joints / desolidarizing (separation) joints / expansion (and contraction) joints / flexible joints / shrinkage joints

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